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Anoskopija

Neizostavan postupak u dijagnosticiranju hemoroida i otkirvanju tumora debelog crijeva

Medicina > Proktologija > Dijagnostika > Anoskopija

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Medicina > Proktologija > Dijagnostika > Anoskopija

Anoskopija – Ključni postupak u dijagnosticiranju hemoroida i otkrivanju tumora debelog crijeva

Anoskopija je medicinski postupak koji se koristi za vizualnu procjenu analnog kanala i donjeg dijela rektuma pomoću anoskopa – posebnog instrumenta koji omogućuje pregled unutarnjih struktura analnog područja. Ovaj pregled ima važnu ulogu u dijagnosticiranju hemoroida, analnih fisura, fistula i analnih polipa, ali i u ranom otkrivanju raka debelog crijeva.

Prema statistikama, hemoroidi pogađaju čak 50% populacije starije od 50 godina, dok ih 40% žena razvije nakon trudnoće. S druge strane, Hrvatska je na drugom mjestu u EU po broju umrlih od raka debelog crijeva, što dodatno naglašava važnost redovitih pregleda.

Što je anoskopija i kako se izvodi?

Anoskopija je kratak, bezbolan i minimalno invazivan pregled koji se provodi ambulantno. Pregled traje svega nekoliko minuta i omogućuje liječniku detaljnu analizu sluznice analnog kanala.

Postupak uključuje:

  • Digitorektalni pregled – liječnik nježno umeće prst prekriven rukavicom kako bi procijenio prisutnost hemoroida ili drugih promjena.
  • Umetanje podmazanog anoskopa u analni kanal.
  • Vizualnu procjenu analne sluznice.
  • Po potrebi, uzimanje uzoraka tkiva (biopsija) za daljnju analizu.

U slučaju anoskopije visoke rezolucije (HRA), koristi se posebna optička oprema za detaljniji pregled, a može se primijeniti i otopina octene kiseline kako bi se bolje detektirale promjene stanica.

Zašto je anoskopija važna u dijagnostici hemoroida?

Hemoroidi su proširene vene analnog kanala koje mogu uzrokovati svrbež, bol i krvarenje. Razlikujemo unutarnje i vanjske hemoroide, pri čemu unutarnji često nisu vidljivi izvana i mogu se otkriti isključivo anoskopijom.

Anoskopija omogućuje:

  • Preciznu procjenu veličine, položaja i stupnja hemoroida.
  • Pravovremeni odabir terapije (konzervativna terapija, skleroterapija, kirurški zahvati).
  • Rano otkrivanje komplikacija poput tromboziranih hemoroida.

Rano otkrivanje omogućuje učinkovito liječenje, sprječava napredovanje bolesti i poboljšava kvalitetu života pacijenta.

Rak debelog crijeva i anoskopija kao preventivna metoda

Rak debelog crijeva razvija se tijekom više godina, često bez izraženih simptoma u ranim fazama. Kada se simptomi pojave, pacijenti ih mogu zamijeniti za hemoroide ili druge benigne probleme.

Najčešći simptomi raka debelog crijeva uključuju:

  • Krvarenje prilikom pražnjenja crijeva
  • Promjene u ritmu stolice (proljev ili zatvor)
  • Gubitak tjelesne težine bez poznatog razloga
  • Osjećaj nepotpunog pražnjenja

Anoskopija se koristi kao pomoćna metoda u ranoj dijagnostici, osobito kada postoji sumnja na:

  • Analne polipe, koji mogu biti benigni ili predstadij raka.
  • Neobjašnjivo krvarenje, osobito u kombinaciji s drugim simptomima.
  • Abnormalne izrasline u analnoj regiji.

Priprema za anoskopiju

Za razliku od drugih endoskopskih pretraga, anoskopija ne zahtijeva posebnu pripremu. Međutim, preporučuje se:

  • Obavljanje nužde prije pregleda
  • Nošenje udobne odjeće
  • Izbjegavanje alkohola i pušenja prije zahvata
  • Obavijestiti liječnika o lijekovima koje uzimate (osobito antikoagulansi)

Ako je potrebna dodatna priprema, liječnik će vas o tome obavijestiti prilikom konzultacija.

Najčešća pitanja o anoskopiji

1. Je li anoskopija bolna?

Većina pacijenata osjeća samo blagu nelagodu, ali ne i bol. Pregled je kratak i traje samo nekoliko minuta.

2. Kada je potrebno obaviti anoskopiju?

Anoskopija se preporučuje kod krvarenja, boli, svrbeža, sumnje na hemoroide, fistule ili analne polipe.

3. Koliko traje oporavak nakon anoskopije?

Nema potrebe za posebnim oporavkom – nakon pregleda pacijenti se mogu odmah vratiti svojim dnevnim aktivnostima.

4. Može li anoskopija otkriti rak?

Da, anoskopija može pomoći u ranom otkrivanju raka analnog kanala i debelog crijeva, osobito ako se kombinira s biopsijom.

5. Koliko često treba raditi anoskopiju?

Osobe s poviješću hemoroida ili analnih problema trebale bi obaviti pregled barem jednom godišnje, dok se kod simptoma preporučuje odmah zakazati pregled.

Gdje obaviti anoskopiju?

Poliklinika Lohuis Filipović pruža vrhunsku dijagnostiku i liječenje analnih tegoba koristeći najnovije tehnike anoskopije i ostalih proktoloških pregleda.

📍 Adresa: Trg Johna Fitzgeralda Kennedya 6b, Zagreb
📞 Kontakt: +385 1 2444 646
🕒 Radno vrijeme: Pon – Pet: 10:15 – 18:15
📅 Online naručivanje: putem web obrasca

Ne odgađajte pregled – anoskopija je brz i bezbolan način za ranu dijagnostiku i pravovremeno liječenje.

Vaši stručnjaci

Glavni je cilj Poliklinike LF poboljšati kvalitetu života i zdravlje naših klijenata pružajući im vrhunsku zdravstvenu uslugu.

Dr.sc. Josip Baković, dr.med.

specijalist opće kirurgije, subspecijalist abdominalne i onkološke kirurgije

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J.Lj.

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I did rhinoplasty along with face tight treatment and the results were more than satisfactory. The guys (Boris and Peter) did everything at the same time, very professionally and in the shortest possible timeframe. I was out of tampons in 2 days, and my bruise recovery does not take longer than 7 days. Very gentle approach. Without unnecessary arrivals, with kind and friendly staff and arranging payments where flexibility was at an enviable level, the impression of service in this clinic is for every recommendation. Of course, I don’t even have to mention that my breathing is better now than before, and my facial skin is smooth and tight without any invasive method. Guys, you are the best. :)

A.P.

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I had unwittingly been suffering from hypopnea for nearly a decade. I did some research and I selected this clinic because it was located in a country where I have many friends. I had already been treated for this by a different physician in Canada, a surgery was done in my nose to remove an obstruction and believed it was better, but I was wrong. The Canadian doctor proposed dealing with the problem by CPAP or further surgeries. Their solution was to remove the first obstacle they find, see if that helps, if not, then remove the next obstacle etc. I had been using caffeine to stay awake, but my physical and mental performance was severely impacted by chronic sleep deprivation. At my first meeting, I was surprised to actually meet Dr. Filipovic, I presumed I would be looked after by an associate Doctor. I explained my suspicions and situation and told him, I do not want to go through multiple procedures to find one that worked. He listened, looked into my nose and proposed that I schedule and undergo a general anaesthesia, where he would be able to insert a camera and record what happens when I actually sleep. In addition I took home a wearable monitor for the night. After these diagnotics, it was found that a mandibular advancement device or CPAP would work for me. CPAP is not good for me because my young children would tear it apart. I had to leave Croatia earlier than planned, when I told his team. They moved heaven and earth to rush the casting, production and shipping of the device to me in Canada. Once I arrived here, his dentist responded to my emails to ensure I had proper guidance on how to adjust and use the device. It works wonderfully and with the clarity of thought that comes from regular sleep, I realized I should have a backup mandibular advancement device made, to use if my device is destroyed by my children. His team again did a wonderful job of using the casting I sent back to produce a 2nd set and ship it to Canada. I have tested the second device for a week now and it works as well as the first. I would highly recommend this team for their professional, courteous and effective effort. If, time & money allows and vanity demands, I would go to this team for a rhinoplasty in the future. Thank you all for improving my quality of life and work performance.

M.K.

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For so long I was dissatisfied with the breathing and the appearance of my nose. Of course the first step was to google rhinoplasty and read comments on forums of the people who did it in Croatia. That did not help because the amount of negative experiences only scared me. But I also read that the most important thing is to find a great surgeon so I finally went to meet with dr. Filipović. I met him, he explained the procedure and answered all my questions. On that first meeting I felt so confident that I even reserved a date for my surgery. Finally in November 2020 I had septorhinoplasty performed by dr. Filipović. They arranged that I stayed in the clinic for one day after the procedure. That really meant a lot, and I'm grateful for that. Recovery went fast and well, I almost had no bruising at all. I'm quite sensitive, so I felt some pain in the first 3 days after, but nothing too bad. It is now 2 months post-op and I look and feel better than ever. The result looks really natural, and it fits my face perfectly. The only regret that I have is that I didn’t do it sooner. Dr. Filipović is a miracle worker, and I will forever be grateful to him and his team.

M.G.

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I've done plasma skin regeneration and skin boosting treatment there. Clinic is beautiful, stuff is very friendly, young and with great knowledge and experience. I would recommend it to anyone who is looking high quality in every aspect. Thank you!

M.S.

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Prije mjesec dana bila sam na lip liftu kod dr. Filipovića. Rezultat je fantastičan, kao što je bilo i samo iskustvo konzultacija i operacije. Doktor i sestre profesionalni su i pristupačni i ulijevaju povjerenje. Lip lift je ispao super i izgleda prirodno, ali je dovoljno velika promjena da je utjecala na izgled cijelog lica. Oteknuće je splasnulo nakon otprilike tjedan dana, a ožiljak ispod nosa se mjesec dana poslije vidi, ali nije pretjerano upadljiv.
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