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Kronični kašalj

Kašalj koji traje tjednima, a može dovesti do niza komplikacija

KRONIČNI KAŠALJ: KAŠALJ KOJI TRAJE TJEDNIMA, A MOŽE DOVESTI DO NIZA KOMPLIKACIJA

Kronični kašalj rezultat je nadraživanja grla ili larinksa (grkljana). Čak i kad se uzrok koji izaziva nadražaj eliminira, kašalj, ipak, može ostati. Ovaj sindrom naziva se „iritabilni larinks“.

U mnogim slučajevima kašalj se može zaustaviti primjenom posebnih strategija, osmišljenih za zaustavljanje pretjerane reakcije grla.

ŠTO UZROKUJE KAŠALJ?

Kašalj koji traje tjednima je obično rezultat nekog zdravstvenog problema a, nažalost, često je uzrok multifaktorijalan. Kronični kašalj može uzrokovati značajno smanjenje kvalitete života.

Uzroci kroničnog kašlja su:

  • astma,
  • kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest (KOPB),
  • bronhitis,
  • emfizem pluća,
  • slijevanje sekreta iz nosa i sinusa u grlo, tzv. postnazalni drip ili sindrom kašlja gornjih dišnih putova (eng. upper airway cough syndrome, UACS),
  • gastroezofagealni i laringofaringealni refluks (GERB i LPR),
  • infekcije (virusi, bakterije, gljivice, tuberkuloza…),
  • lijekovi za hipertenziju – iz skupine tzv. ACE inhibitora, vrlo čest izbor za liječenje hipertenzije, u nekih ljudi uzrokuju kronični kašalj,
  • maligne bolesti grla, ždrijela, bronha i pluća,
  • aspiracija (udisanje) hrane ili stranoga tijela,
  • neurogeni kašalj,
  • cistična fibroza, sarkoidoza, plućna fibroza, bronhiektazije…

KOJI SE SIMPTOMI MOGU JAVITI UZ KAŠALJ?

Uz kašalj se mogu javiti i drugi simptomi:

  • promuklost (češće u pušača te u bolestima grla),
  • potreba za čišćenjem grla (uz laringofaringealni refluks te kao psihosomatska pojava),
  • pojava krvi u iskašljaju,
  • otežano disanje, kratkoća daha,
  • začepljen nos, cijeđenje sekreta iz nosa te u ždrijelo.

DIJAGNOSTIKA KRONIČNOG KAŠLJA

Potrebno je konzultirati se s liječnikom ako kašalj traje dulje od nekoliko tjedana, narušava san, ometa normalno obavljanje poslovnih ili školskih obveza, ili ako dolazi do obilnog iskašljavanja, posebno uz prisutnost krvi u iskašljaju, te ako se pojavi otežano disanje.

Pristup obradi pacijenta s kašljem može varirati ovisno o uzroku, primjerice, može biti jednostavan u slučaju virusne upale grla ili pluća, ili kompleksan uključujući niz specijalističkih pregleda, poput konzultacija s doktorom obiteljske medicine, pulmologom, otorinolaringologom, onkologom, neurologom, gastroenterologom i drugim stručnjacima.

Komplikacije kroničnog kašlja mogu obuhvatiti:

  • Fraktura rebra – Posebno je izražena uz velike sile na rebra, osobito kod prisutnosti malignih bolesti.
  • Smetnje sna i nesanica – Dugotrajan kašalj može rezultirati problemima sa snom i nesanicom.
  • Glavobolje – Konstantno kašljanje može uzrokovati glavobolje.
  • Gubitak svijesti uz kašalj (sinkope) – Intenzivan kašalj može dovesti do privremenog gubitka svijesti.
  • Mučnina i povraćanje – Kašalj može izazvati mučninu i povraćanje.
  • Smetnje mokrenja i nemogućnost kontrole mokrenja – Dugotrajan kašalj može uzrokovati probleme s mokrenjem, uključujući nemogućnost zadržavanja i kontrole mokrenja.
  • Vrtoglavice – Kašalj može izazvati vrtoglavice.
  • Pretjerano znojenje – Osobe s kroničnim kašljem često doživljavaju pretjerano znojenje kao dodatni simptom.

LIJEČENJEM KRONIČNOG KAŠLJA, LIJEČE SE I KOMPLIKACIJE

Najjednostavniji pristup preciznoj dijagnozi uključuje isključenje i zamjenu lijeka za hipertenziju (ACE inhibitora), ukoliko ih pacijent konzumira, te izvođenje RTG-a prsnih organa.

U procesu liječenja, naglasak se stavlja na kontrolu osnovnog uzroka kašlja. Iako pacijenti često očekuju ili traže pomoć putem antitusika ili mukolitika, ove opcije pružaju ograničenu podršku. Kašljanje ima važnu ulogu u eliminaciji sekreta iz dišnih putova te doprinosi smirivanju respiratornih infekcija. Stoga, u slučaju upalnih stanja, primjena antitusika zahtijeva oprez. Nespecifičnu terapiju kašlja treba rezervirati samo za pacijente s infekcijama gornjih dišnih putova ili za one koji već primaju kauzalnu terapiju, ali čiji kašalj još uvijek nije suzbijen u zadovoljavajućoj mjeri.

Lokalni pripravci poput akacije, sladića, glicerina, meda, kapi ili sirupa od divlje trešnje za kašalj (melemi) imaju lokalni i psihogeni učinak.

Protusici, lijekovi koji potiču kašalj, obično se preporučuju kod cistične fibroze i bronhiektazija jer produktivan kašalj doprinosi uklanjanju nepotrebnog sadržaja iz dišnih putova i održava plućnu funkciju.

NARUČITE SE NA PREGLED

Poliklinici Lohuis Filipović svjesni smo koliko je vaš glas bitan za svakodnevnu interakciju s drugima. Upravo zbog toga primjenjujemo modernu tehnologiju i metode koje vaše glasnice vraćaju u formu.

Stoga, nemojte čekati da promuklost prirodno nestane, već se naručite na pregled još danas pozivom na broj +3851 2444 646, ili ispunjavanjem online obrasca.

Vaši stručnjaci

Glavni je cilj Poliklinike LF poboljšati kvalitetu života i zdravlje naših klijenata pružajući im vrhunsku zdravstvenu uslugu.

Što kažu naši pacijenti?

Pročitaj sve

J.Lj.

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I did rhinoplasty along with face tight treatment and the results were more than satisfactory. The guys (Boris and Peter) did everything at the same time, very professionally and in the shortest possible timeframe. I was out of tampons in 2 days, and my bruise recovery does not take longer than 7 days. Very gentle approach. Without unnecessary arrivals, with kind and friendly staff and arranging payments where flexibility was at an enviable level, the impression of service in this clinic is for every recommendation. Of course, I don’t even have to mention that my breathing is better now than before, and my facial skin is smooth and tight without any invasive method. Guys, you are the best. :)

A.P.

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I had unwittingly been suffering from hypopnea for nearly a decade. I did some research and I selected this clinic because it was located in a country where I have many friends. I had already been treated for this by a different physician in Canada, a surgery was done in my nose to remove an obstruction and believed it was better, but I was wrong. The Canadian doctor proposed dealing with the problem by CPAP or further surgeries. Their solution was to remove the first obstacle they find, see if that helps, if not, then remove the next obstacle etc. I had been using caffeine to stay awake, but my physical and mental performance was severely impacted by chronic sleep deprivation. At my first meeting, I was surprised to actually meet Dr. Filipovic, I presumed I would be looked after by an associate Doctor. I explained my suspicions and situation and told him, I do not want to go through multiple procedures to find one that worked. He listened, looked into my nose and proposed that I schedule and undergo a general anaesthesia, where he would be able to insert a camera and record what happens when I actually sleep. In addition I took home a wearable monitor for the night. After these diagnotics, it was found that a mandibular advancement device or CPAP would work for me. CPAP is not good for me because my young children would tear it apart. I had to leave Croatia earlier than planned, when I told his team. They moved heaven and earth to rush the casting, production and shipping of the device to me in Canada. Once I arrived here, his dentist responded to my emails to ensure I had proper guidance on how to adjust and use the device. It works wonderfully and with the clarity of thought that comes from regular sleep, I realized I should have a backup mandibular advancement device made, to use if my device is destroyed by my children. His team again did a wonderful job of using the casting I sent back to produce a 2nd set and ship it to Canada. I have tested the second device for a week now and it works as well as the first. I would highly recommend this team for their professional, courteous and effective effort. If, time & money allows and vanity demands, I would go to this team for a rhinoplasty in the future. Thank you all for improving my quality of life and work performance.

M.K.

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For so long I was dissatisfied with the breathing and the appearance of my nose. Of course the first step was to google rhinoplasty and read comments on forums of the people who did it in Croatia. That did not help because the amount of negative experiences only scared me. But I also read that the most important thing is to find a great surgeon so I finally went to meet with dr. Filipović. I met him, he explained the procedure and answered all my questions. On that first meeting I felt so confident that I even reserved a date for my surgery. Finally in November 2020 I had septorhinoplasty performed by dr. Filipović. They arranged that I stayed in the clinic for one day after the procedure. That really meant a lot, and I'm grateful for that. Recovery went fast and well, I almost had no bruising at all. I'm quite sensitive, so I felt some pain in the first 3 days after, but nothing too bad. It is now 2 months post-op and I look and feel better than ever. The result looks really natural, and it fits my face perfectly. The only regret that I have is that I didn’t do it sooner. Dr. Filipović is a miracle worker, and I will forever be grateful to him and his team.

M.G.

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I've done plasma skin regeneration and skin boosting treatment there. Clinic is beautiful, stuff is very friendly, young and with great knowledge and experience. I would recommend it to anyone who is looking high quality in every aspect. Thank you!

M.S.

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Prije mjesec dana bila sam na lip liftu kod dr. Filipovića. Rezultat je fantastičan, kao što je bilo i samo iskustvo konzultacija i operacije. Doktor i sestre profesionalni su i pristupačni i ulijevaju povjerenje. Lip lift je ispao super i izgleda prirodno, ali je dovoljno velika promjena da je utjecala na izgled cijelog lica. Oteknuće je splasnulo nakon otprilike tjedan dana, a ožiljak ispod nosa se mjesec dana poslije vidi, ali nije pretjerano upadljiv.
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