Anoscopy – A key procedure in diagnosing hemorrhoids and detecting colon tumors

Anoscopy is a medical procedure used to visually assess the anal canal and the lower part of the rectum using an anoscope – a special instrument that allows viewing the internal structures of the anal area. This examination plays an important role in diagnosing hemorrhoids, anal fissures, fistulas and anal polyps, but also in the early detection of colon cancer.

According to statistics, hemorrhoids affect as many as 50% of the population over 50 years of age, while 40% of women develop them after pregnancy. On the other hand, Croatia ranks second in the EU in terms of the number of deaths from colorectal cancer, which further emphasizes the importance of regular check-ups.

What is anoscopy and how is it performed?

Anoscopy is a short, painless and minimally invasive examination that is performed on an outpatient basis. The examination takes only a few minutes and allows the doctor to perform a detailed analysis of the mucous membrane of the anal canal.

The procedure includes:

• Digitorectal examination – the doctor gently inserts a finger covered with a glove to assess the presence of hemorrhoids or other changes.
• Insertion of a lubricated anoscope into the anal canal.
• Visual assessment of the anal mucosa.
• If necessary, tissue samples (biopsy) are taken for further analysis.

In the case of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA), special optical equipment is used for a more detailed examination, and an acetic acid solution can also be applied to better detect cell changes.

Why is anoscopy important in the diagnosis of hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins of the anal canal that can cause itching, pain, and bleeding. We distinguish between internal and external hemorrhoids, where internal hemorrhoids are often not visible from the outside and can only be detected by anoscopy.

Anoscopy allows:

• Accurate assessment of the size, location and degree of hemorrhoids.
• Timely selection of therapy (conservative therapy, sclerotherapy, surgical interventions).
• Early detection of complications such as thrombosed hemorrhoids.

Early detection enables effective treatment, prevents the progression of the disease and improves the patient’s quality of life.

Colon cancer and anoscopy as a preventive method

Colon cancer develops over many years, often without pronounced symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms appear, patients may mistake them for hemorrhoids or other benign problems.

The most common symptoms of colon cancer include:

• Bleeding during bowel movements
• Changes in stool rhythm (diarrhea or constipation)
• Weight loss for no known reason
• Feeling of incomplete discharge

Anoscopy is used as an auxiliary method in early diagnosis, especially when there is a suspicion of:

• Anal polyps, which can be benign or pre-stage cancer.
• Unexplained bleeding, especially in combination with other symptoms.
• Abnormal growths in the anal region.

Preparation for anoscopy

Unlike other endoscopic examinations, anoscopy does not require special preparation. However, it is recommended:

• Defecating before the examination
• Wearing comfortable clothes
• Avoiding alcohol and smoking before the procedure
• Tell your doctor about the medications you are taking (especially anticoagulants)

If additional preparation is required, the doctor will inform you during the consultation.

Frequently Asked Questions About Anoscopy

1. Is anoscopy painful?

Most patients experience only mild discomfort, but no pain. The examination is short and takes only a few minutes.

2. When is it necessary to perform anoscopy?

Anoscopy is recommended for bleeding, pain, itching, suspected hemorrhoids, fistulas or anal polyps.

3. How long does recovery take after anoscopy?

There is no need for special recovery – after the examination, patients can immediately return to their daily activities.

4. Can anoscopy detect cancer?

Yes, anoscopy can help in the early detection of cancer of the anal canal and colon, especially when combined with a biopsy.

5. How often should anoscopy be done?

People with a history of hemorrhoids or anal problems should have an examination at least once a year, while in case of symptoms, it is recommended to schedule an examination immediately.

Where to perform anoscopy?

The Lohuis Filipović Polyclinic provides top-notch diagnostics and treatment of anal problems using the latest techniques of anoscopy and other proctological examinations.

📍 Address: Trg johna Fitzgeralda Kennedya 6b, Zagreb
📞 Contact: +385 1 2444 646
🕒 Working hours: Mon – Fri: 10:15 – 18:15
📅 Online appointments: via web form

Do not delay the examination – anoscopy is a quick and painless way for early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Your experts

The main goal of LF Polyclinic is to improve the quality of life and health of our clients by providing them with top-notch healthcare services.

Dr.sc. Josip Baković, dr.med.

specialist in general surgery, subspecialist in abdominal and oncological surgery

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